A 30 gram piece of iron is heated to 100°C and then dropped into cool water where the iron's temperature drops to 30°C. How many
calories does it loose to the water? (The specific heat of iron is 0.11
cal/g°C).

Q= calories

m = mass

c = specific heat

∆t = temperature difference

Also, Qin = Qout

(as in the amount of energy lost by the iron equals the energy gained by water. the water) so the calories lost is as stated in pict.

d. air pressure decreases as altitude increases.

russian is not my first language, so i'm afraid i can't write out an answer in russian, but hopefully you can find a way to do so. here's my best translation of the problem: you're given a plot of a particle's position in one-dimensional space over time, and you're asked to find either the total distance traveled by the particle after 6 seconds had elapsed, or the total displacement of the particle after 6 seconds.

if you want the total distance traveled, you would first need to determine the particle's velocity as a function of time, then integrate that over the 6-second interval. we know the position function is quadratic with roots at 0 and 6, so we have

where is unknown. because the position is parabolic, there is symmetry about the midpoint at , and we know that

so that the position function is

which means the velocity is

then the total distance traveled is

so the total distance traveled is 20 m.

on the other hand, if you want to find displacement: the particle starts at and ends at , so its displacement is 0.