Change in inherited characteristics over time is called what?

Suppose that an electromagnetic wave which is linearly polarized along the x−axis is propagating in vacuum along the z−axis. the wave is incident on a conductor which is placed at z > 0 region of the space. the conductor has conductivity σ, magnetic permeability µ and electric permittivity ε. (a) find the characteristic time for the free charge density which dissipates at the conductor. (b) write the maxwell equations and derive the wave equation for a plane wave propagating in a conductor. (c) find the attenuation distance at which the incident amplitude reduces to e ^−1 of its initial value. (d) find the electric and magnetic fields inside the conductor. 8 (e) find the power loss per area of the incident electromagnetic wave at the surface of conductor.

A26 cm object is 18 cm in front of a plane mirror. a ray of light strikes the object and is reflected off the mirror at a 42-degree angle. what is the angle of reflection? degrees what type of image is formed? what is the size of the image? cm

Although longitudinal waves can travel through all media types what is the disadvantage of this type of wave transmission? a) he efficiency of he wave transmission is greatly diminished as the media becomes less dense b) the oscillation of one set of particles has a huge impact on neighboring particles c) particles become too close together as they bump into each other making it more likely to hit other particles down the line