how much energy would be needed for a body of mass 10 kg escape from the surface of earth? take g = 10 ms−2 and re = 6400 km

The intensity of a polarized electromagnetic wave is 12 w/m^2. part a) what will be the intensity after passing through a polarizing filter whose axis makes the angle θ=0∘ with the plane of polarization? part b) what will be the intensity after passing through a polarizing filter whose axis makes the angle θ=30∘ with the plane of polarization? part c) what will be the intensity after passing through a polarizing filter whose axis makes the angle θ=45∘ with the plane of polarization? part d) what will be the intensity after passing through a polarizing filter whose axis makes the angle θ=60∘ with the plane of polarization? part e) what will be the intensity after passing through a polarizing filter whose axis makes the angle θ=90∘ with the plane of polarization?

Imagine that someone pushes one marble toward a motionless marble. would there still be action-reaction forces involved in the collision? how might the marbles’ motions be changed? ?

Light traveling in a medium with a refractive index 1.19 is incident on a plate of another medium with index of refraction 1.79. at what angle of incidence is the reflected light fully polarized?