A10-kg mass is suspended by a rope. what is the acceleration if the tension in the rope is 118 n while the mass is in motion?

There are two forces on the mass:

-- the force of gravity downward ... (10kg) x (9.8 m/s²) = 98 newtons downward

-- the tension in the rope upward ... 118 newtons upward 

The NET force on the mass is (118 - 98) = 20 newtons upward .

                                           F = M a

Divide each side by 'M' :     a = F / M

                                            a = (20 newtons upward) / (10kg)

                                            a = 2 m/s² upward