Aray of light traveling in air strikes the surface of a liquid. if the angle of incidence is 31.7◦ and the angle of refraction is 21.3◦ , find the critical angle for light traveling from the liquid back into the air. answer in units of ◦ .

Media 1 and 2 are air and liquid. By Snell's law;
n1/n2 = Sin ∅2/Sin ∅1

Then,
n2 = (n1* Sin Ф1)/Sin ∅2 = (1*Sin 31.7)/Sin 21.3 = 1.4466.

When the light travels in the opposite direction and at critical angle, media 1 and 2 are liquid and air respectively while ∅2 = 90°

Therefore,
n1/n2 = Sin 90 / Sin ∅c => ∅c = Sin ^-1[n2*Sin 90]/n1 = Sin ^-1[1*Sin 90]/1.4466 = 43.73°

The critical angle (∅c) is 43.73°.

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