Is an example of a primary reinforcer, whereas is an example of a secondary reinforcer. a cupcake; a certificate of achievement given to a student?

The type of cloud shown here may produce heavy rainfall. this type of cloud most likely occurs in an area of the sub-saharan that is a) often dry. b) often wet. eliminate c) very windy. d) usually cool.

What effect did the lawpassed by parlament have on the .

What statement about risks in social and behavioral sciences research is most accurate: anonymizing data effectively manages the risk of creating emotional distress.risks are specific to time, situation, and culture.there are never any risks.if a study offers potential benefits, it is not necessary to minimize risks.