In her research for the second shift, arlie hochschild interviewed married couples to find out how they dealt with changing family roles as more women entered the workforce. what advantages came from her decision to use interviews as a research method

I believe the answer is: It allowed her to gather direct quotations and construct an intimate portrait of married couples.

Couples are much more likely to say positive things about their partner if they they are both communicating directly with a third party. This would increase the amount of direct quotations that is build on the foudation to praise each other and create an intimate portrait of those couples.

first, the romans stayed isolated because they had to defend their own territories from neighboring cities that were harassing them, like the etruscans. second, once the romans managed to defeat their neighbors, and started to expand their territory, they started to build roads and bridges. finally, now that the romans have covered their territory with roads functioning as highways, they could mobilize their legions faster to assemble larger military units in a specific place.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.