Many individuals become wiser with age, but their performance on tasks that require speed in processing information starts to decline. this illustrates how throughout life, some dimensions or components of a dimension expand and others shrink, or how development is:
a) plastic.
b) contextual.
c) multidisciplinary
d) multidirectional

A) Plastic.

Explanation:

The quality of the brain to change and adapt throughout life is known as neuroplasticity:

We say the brain is plastic as a result of processes like learning, new experiences or memories formation, and of course brain recoveries from injuries.

The sciences used to believe the brain could not recover after achieving certain age , but newer insight showed the brain never will stop changing when it keeps  learning.

For the case of older individuals, if they lack activities that require speed in processing , the ability will gradually decrease, yet they could regain it if practicing.

As the brain got newer connections , this associations will make older individuals seem wiser as a response to brain growing over time.

If the individuals wish to change how their brain works they could do so by getting involved in certain activities that stimulate neuroplasticity(chess,music,sports,etc).

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the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.