The government of bolivia passes a law stating that no u. s. dollars are allowed to enter the country. americans traveling to bolivia therefore may not bring dollars with them, nor may anyone else bring dollars into the country. all dollars have to be exchanged for the bolivian domestic currency at any border crossing, airport, or train station. laura, a u. s. citizen, files a lawsuit against bolivia in a u. s. court challenging the legality of this law. laura will most likely:
a. prevail because the law clearly violates the u. s. constitution.
b. not prevail because of the act of state doctrine.
c. prevail because of the doctrine of comity.
d. not prevail because laura has sovereign immunity.

b. Not prevail because of the act of state doctrine.

Explanation:

Act of state doctrine is a principle that states that a law established in one country is sovereign in the territory of that country and the governments of other countries must respect that law whenever one of its citizens is in that territory. In the case shown in the above question, the United States court will not judge the Bolivian law, because in Bolivian territory that law is sovereign. Based on this, we can say that Laura is unlikely to succeed in contesting Bolivian law because of the act of state doctrine.

marginal cost is a microeconomic measure that us to evaluate the extent to which the level of production of a good is sustainable in accounting, that is, to how many quantities the company plans to profit from the production of the good.

the concept of marginal cost is simple, it means the cost of producing one more item. for example, in the case of pies, the marginal cost is the cost of producing one more pie than those that have already been produced.

it is important to understand that productive activity influences marginal cost. the marginal cost of some goods can be very high, while others may be insignificant. for example, the marginal cost of producing an extra plane is very high. already the marginal cost of a water company to provide 1l more water is derisory.

in the case of pies, the cost involves the inputs, the labor and the fixed cost, which involves the fixed space of the bakery. the level of production initially has the marginal cost decreasing because there is space and manpower available. however, to produce more you have to hire more workers and buy more inputs. if physical space is limited, workers will conflict with places, inputs and their productivity will decrease, meaning there is an optimum point of production for each level of space and manpower. from this point on, the productivity of the workers will be getting smaller because of lack of space, so that the marginal cost of producing one more pie will be increasing. so, although you have not posted the chart, but if you have the answer, you can see that my explanation goes according to the marginal cost curve that will increase from the 4th pie, answer (c).