What is the critical approach that analyzes and critiques an artwork based on the compositional arrangement of its elements?

Formalism

Explanation:

Art criticism basically involves making judgements of an artwork based on "some criteria" such as form or critical interpretation of meaning.

Formalism as a form of art criticism has to do with critical analysis of an artwork and judgments about this artwork based on its form and its visual components as opposed to what it aims to describe(narrative content) or how it relates to this.

according to classical republican political theory, which democratic republics would function best?

a.   small republics, with people who had similar interests

b.   large republics, with people who had competing interests

c.   republics made up entirely of landowners

d.   republics made up entirely of servants

good question. i'll be looking into that. (this is a joke sir)