In order to have a successful JIT (Just-in-Time) processing system, all of the following must be present EXCEPT:
Dependable suppliers.
Multi-skilled work force.
A push-approach to inventory
Total quality control system.

A push-approach to inventory

Explanation:

The traditional processing is based on "push-approach" to inventory which is slow and ineffective, on the other hand, Just-in-Time processing eliminates the inventories by using the pull approach.

Just-in-tIme has three needed elements:

1. Dependable suppliers

Who can deliver the required raw materials and other needed items on a short notice and are reliable.

2. Multi-skilled work force

Who can operate a wide range of manufacturing machinery.

3. Total quality control system

To ensure "No defects" in the manufacturing process which required continuous monitoring.

Therefore, In order to have a successful JIT processing system, all of the following must be present EXCEPT: A push-approach to inventory

answer; i believe that the correct answer is (d); // supercontinent

i believe the answer is:   psychological  experiment

in this experiment, wilhelm wundt became the first person that implement scientific method in analyzing the pyschological phenomenon.

due to this result, wilhelm wundt also able to make psychology to be acknowledged as a separate scientific field from biology.