To reduce the disruptive behavior of some children a teacher might slap the desk with a ruler to startle them. The sound of the slap is a(n) punishment.

positive.

Explanation:

While punishment aimed to decrease the likelihood of a particular unwanted behavior, positive punishment refers to the notion of adding something to the environment which would cause the behavior to eventually stop. In other words, it is the aspect of punishment which  focuses on reducing an individual's rate of any particular unwanted response.

two jet streams that directly affect the formation of weather in the continental part are a polar jet and a subtropical jet. they are responsible for the transportation of weather systems, which directly affect people. the polar front is the boundary between cold air from the north pole and warmer equatorial air. both the polar jet and the subtropical jet blow from the west to the east, and follow the boundary between cold and warm air.

the strongest jet streams are polar jets, while subtropical jets are somewhat weaker.

the right answer is c. the polar jet stream is generaly stronger than the subtropical jet stream.