Thirty-year-old Mia tells her therapist that she feels worthless and unattractive because she doesn't have a boyfriend; she is sure she is going to end up single and unloved. Her therapist says, "Your way of thinking is irrational, self-sabotaging, and catastrophic." Her therapist is likely a:

Martha participates in a research study in order to receive extra credit for her psychology class. when she arrives in the research office she is given a can of what looks and tastes like beer, but which actually contains no alcohol. in the adjoining room martha's classmate karen is also participating in the study. karen receives a can of alcoholic beer. if the experiment was designed to test the effects of alcohol on concentration, then who is exposed to the independent variable?