Positive punishment is the introduction of a(n) stimulus following a behavior and negative punishment is the withdrawal of a(n) stimulus following a behavior.

Positive punishment is the introduction of a(n) aversive stimulus following a behavior and negative punishment is the withdrawal of a(n) pleasant stimulus following a behavior.

Explanation:

Positive punishment aims at reducing to the barest minimum the amount of wrong behavior exhibited by an individual and ensure it is not repeated. It is more effective when the act and the punishment are commensurate. For instance, when a child is destructive his/her parents may stop him/her from playing with toys or video games. Also, In a classroom, students who fail to do their assignments may be asked to kneel in front of the class for hours or given more assignments to do.

Negative Punishment, on the other hand, involves the removal of a wrong behavior by eradicating a stimulus. This type of punishment is more effective if it is consistently applied.  For instance, a child who refuses to do his/her house chores may be barred from watching his/her favorite television show.

well, paralell is parallel. i am providing links to .

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a series circuit is one with all the loads in a row. there is only one path for the electricity to flow. if this circuit was a string of light bulbs, and one blew out, the remaining bulbs would turn off.

unlike in series circuits, a charge in a parallel circuit encounters a single voltage drop during its path through the external circuit. the current through a given branch can be predicted using the ohm's law equation and the voltage drop across the resistor and the resistance of the resistor.

a parallel circuit has certain characteristics and basic rules: a parallel circuit has two or more paths for current to flow through. voltage is the same across each component of the parallel circuit.

"harry t. moore (1905-1951) – civil rights activist, leader, and the first martyr of the civil rights movement. fannie lou hamer (1917–1977) – leader in the american civil rights movement; co-founder of the national women's political caucus and freedom democratic party. james farmer (1920–1999) – congress of racial equality."