are unconscious, taken-for-granted perceptions or ideal prototypes of behavior that are considered the correct way to think and act toward problems and opportunities.

Shared assumptions.

Explanation:

As per the question, 'shared assumptions' are demonstrated as the 'unconscious and presupposed perceptions or the prefect prototypes of the behavior that are regarded as the appropriate way to think about a particular problem or opportunity or act in such situations.' These are the basis of any organizational culture as they form the common base of perceptions, behaviors, or beliefs that are shared by almost every member part of the culture. These beliefs or assumptions are so deeply embedded that they have been taken-for-granted and remain unnoticed despite being an inherent part of the culture.

the first question's answer is a.

i have to go with a for this one