American parents encourage their children to be hard working, efficient, practical, and individualistic. These values, along with other norms, beliefs, and norms that everyone would follow if we lived in a "perfect world," are referred to as .

Ideal culture.

Explanation:

The "perfect world" the exercise mentioned could be referred to as an ideal culture, in which people would be hard working, efficient, practical, and individualistic. These values, along with other norms, beliefs, and norms that everyone would follow would optimistically build an utopia where everything is good, ideal, where everyone follows the same ethical, moral rules, norms, etc. It's good, as a parent, to encourage his or her children to have this set of values as long as they explain that not everyone does so, given that the utopia is always something to be achieved, but actually it never arrives.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.

answer; quantitative versus qualitative research;