Bethany has been listening to a political speaker who is encouraging people to support a law that would require all people to recycle aluminum cans, and severely penalize those who do not recycle. The speaker is giving strong arguments in favor of this proposed law and is couching his appeal in moral and ethical language. As a result, Bethany is becoming increasingly annoyed and resentful of the speaker and his arguments. She may be experiencing

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Bethany has been listening to a political speaker who is encouraging people to support a law that would require all people to recycle aluminum cans and severely penalize those who do not recycle. The speaker is giving strong arguments in favor of this proposed law and is couching his appeal in moral and ethical language. As a result, Bethany is becoming increasingly annoyed and resentful of the speaker and his arguments. She may be experiencing

a) biased assimilation

b) acceptance

c) cognitive dissonance

d) reactance

e) counterfactual thinking

The correct answer is d) reactance.

Explanation:

In psychology, reactance refers to a negative emotional arousal caused by the feeling that one's freedom is being limited by others. When people feel their behavioral freedom is being threatened, by rules, impositions, opinions etc., they experience reactance. Bethany does not enjoy the fact that the speaker is advocating so strongly for people to be punished for something as simple as recycling cans. She probably feels that this is something she should be able to decide on her own. She is experiencing reactance.