The fundamental theme through all the centuries has been the principle that force and power are the determining factors. All development is struggle. Only force rules. Force is the first law. . . . Only through struggle have countries and the world become great. If one the only answer could be—for the weak, yes, for humanity as a whole, no. Instead of everlasting struggle, the world preaches cowardly and everlasting peace. These three things, considered in the light of their ultimate consequences, are the causes of the downfall of all humanity." Sparta or Athens? Explain.

Sparta

Explanation:

The fundamental theme through all the centuries has been the principle that force and power are the determining factors. All development is struggle. Only force rules. Force is the first law,a struggle has already taken place between original man and his primeval world . Only through struggle have countries and the world become great.  If one should ask whether this struggle is gruesome, then the only answer could be .If one the only answer could be:for the weak, yes, for humanity as a whole, no. Instead of everlasting struggle, the world preaches cowardly and everlasting peace. Through all the centuries force and power are the determining factors. Only force rules. Force is the first law.

These three things, considered in the light of their ultimate consequences, are the causes of the downfall of all humanity." Sparta or Athens? Explain.

Sparta was one of the most powerful states in Ancient Greece, was known for its militaristic government and for its educational system designed to train children to be devoted citizens and brave soldiers,it culture was centered on loyalty to the state and military service and It was famous for its powerful army ,especially it defeat of Athens during the Peloponnesian War.Sparta makes used of a castle type system which consisted of three main groups: the Spartiates, the Helots,and the Prioeci which separate individual in the society.Spartans valued military strength and personal disciplines while Athenians placed a higher value on education and culture. The main goal of both Spartan and Athenian was building a democracy which was expressed in different manner of the government, the Athenians believed that the only way to build a strong democracy was to create well informed citizens and all it citizens were to have a part in governmental activity while the Spartan believe in struggle to defend own's father land, this is seem in the Spartan form of government which is oligarchy while Athenian form of government was what can be called limited Democracy.

c: in the east might be the correct answer