“in the fields of health, housing, urban renewal, transportation, welfare, education, poverty, and energy, it has been . . people in government service . . acting on the basis of their specialized and technical knowledge, who first perceived the problem, conceived the program, initially urged it on president and congress, went on to lobby it through to enactment, and then saw to its administration.”. —samuel h. beer, 1986. according to political writer samuel h. beer, congress is chiefly responsible for the increase in federal programs. true or false.