variable is unanticipated factors that affects both variables of interest, often giving the false impression that changes in one variable causes changes in the other variable.

confounding variable

Explanation:

CONFOUNDING VARIABLE is a statistical term, that describes other or hidden variable, which often work like independent variable that also has an effect on dependent variable.

CONFOUNDING VARIABLE can cause two major problems, which are Increase variance and Introduce bias.

Hence,CONFOUNDING  VARIABLES is considered to be unanticipated factors that affects both variables of interest, often giving the false impression that changes in one variable causes changes in the other variable.

mali had been a state inside of the ghanaian empire. after ghana fell because of invading forces and internal disputes, mali rose to greatness under the leadership of a legendary king named sundiata, the "lion king." the songhai empire, already weakened by internal political struggles, went into decline.