“Parma and Paincho are traditional system of co-operation.” Justify the
statement.

Explanation:

these were founded by romans in 183BCit ,became a free city in yhe 1100s and was the center of parma and piacenza fter1545... the main difference between them is that parma is related with goods in need whereas, parma is related to labour and services

well, paralell is parallel. i am providing links to .

hope this !

a series circuit is one with all the loads in a row. there is only one path for the electricity to flow. if this circuit was a string of light bulbs, and one blew out, the remaining bulbs would turn off.

unlike in series circuits, a charge in a parallel circuit encounters a single voltage drop during its path through the external circuit. the current through a given branch can be predicted using the ohm's law equation and the voltage drop across the resistor and the resistance of the resistor.

a parallel circuit has certain characteristics and basic rules: a parallel circuit has two or more paths for current to flow through. voltage is the same across each component of the parallel circuit.