The eighth amendment protects against

a. unreasonable search and seizure.
b. self-incrimination.
c. cruel and unusual punishment.
d. eminent domain.

C. cruel and unusual punishment.

The text of the amendment is as follows:

"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted."

The Eight Amendment of the United States Constitution was adopted on December 15, 1791, along with the rest of the Bill of Rights. The origin of the amendment can be found in the English Bill of Rights of 1689.

first, the romans stayed isolated because they had to defend their own territories from neighboring cities that were harassing them, like the etruscans. second, once the romans managed to defeat their neighbors, and started to expand their territory, they started to build roads and bridges. finally, now that the romans have covered their territory with roads functioning as highways, they could mobilize their legions faster to assemble larger military units in a specific place

answer; (d) none of the above;