PLZ HELP ME Historical Context: Following Christopher Columbus’ voyage to the Western Hemisphere, both Spain and Portugal attempted to claim the land that had not previously belonged to a Catholic nation. As Christopher Columbus had discovered this land for Spain, the Spanish monarchy was angry at Portugal. King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella, of Spain, asked the pope to resolve the dispute. Pope Alexander VI issued the Bull of Demarcation, a document granting Spain permission to claim all non-Christian land located to the west of an imaginary line known as the Line of Demarcation. Portugal was entitled to claim the land to the east of the line. Upon further exploration Portugal appealed the location of the line, which essentially granted them no land to claim in the Western Hemisphere. The line was moved by the pope under the Treaty of Tordesillas, allowing Portugal to claim the land now known as Brazil. Below and on the next two slides is an excerpt from the Demarcation Bull, granting Spain possession of lands discovered by Columbus, 1493.

“Among other works well pleasing to the Divine Majesty and cherished of our heart, this assuredly ranks highest, that in our time especially the Catholic faith and the Christian religion be exalted and be everywhere increased and spread, that the health of souls be cared for and that barbarous nations be overthrown and brought to faith itself.

We have indeed learned that you [Spain], who for a long time had intended to seek out and discover certain islands and mainlands remote and unknown and not hitherto discovered by others, to the end that you might bring to the worship of our Redeemer and the profession of the Catholic faith their residents and inhabitants …you, chose our beloved son, Christopher Columbus… whom you furnished with ships and men equipped for life designs …to make diligent quest for these remote and unknown mainlands and islands through the sea[.]

They …discovered certain very remote island and even mainlands that hitherto had not been discovered by others; wherein dwell very many peoples living in peace, and, as reported, going unclothed, and not eating flesh.

In the island and countries already discovered are found gold, spices, and very many other precious things of diverse kinds and qualities.

Moreover we command you in virtue of holy obedience that, employing all due diligence in the premises …you should appoint to the aforesaid mainlands and islands worthy, God-fearing, learned, skilled, and experienced men, in order to instruct the aforesaid inhabitants and residents in the Catholic faith and train them in good morals.”

A. List three things the author said that you think are important. Explain. own words

B. What evidence in that document helps you know why it was written? Quote from the document.

Passage 2 — from catherine beecher, “treatise on the domestic economy”it appears, then, that it is in america, alone, that women are raised to equality with the other sex; and that, both in theory and practice, their interests are regarded as of equal value. they are made subordinate in station, only where a regard to their best interests demands it, while, as if in compensation for this, by custom and courtesy, they are always treated as superiors. universally in this country, through every class of society, precedence is given to woman, in all the comforts, conveniences, and courtesies, of life.in civil and political affairs, american women take no interest or concern, except so far as they sympathize with their family and personal friends; but in all cases, in which they do feel a concern, their opinions and feelings have a consideration, equal, or even superior, to that of the other sex.in matters pertaining to the education of their children, in the selection and support of a clergyman; in all benevolent enterprises, and in all questions relating to morals or manners, they have a superior influence. in such concerns, it would be impossible to carry a point, contrary to their judgment and feelings; while an enterprise, sustained by them, will seldom fail of success.if those who are bewailing themselves over the fancied wrongs and injuries of woman in this nation, could only see things as they are, they would know, that, whatever remnants of a barbarous or aristocratic age may remain in our civil institutions, in reference to the interests of women, it is only because they are ignorant of them, or do not use their influence to have them rectified; for it is very certain that there is nothing reasonable, which american women would unite in asking, that would not readily be bestowed.the preceding remarks, then, illustrate the position, that the democratic institutions of this country are in reality no other than the principles of christianity carried into operation, and that they tend to place woman in her true position in society, as having equal rights with the other sex; and that, in fact they have secured to american women a lofty and fortunate position, which, as yet, has been attained by the women of no other nation.analysis1. when beecher speaks of women’s “best interests” and their “true position in society,” what does she mean? 2. according to beecher, what trade-offs must american women make to obtain their “lofty and fortunate position” in society? in your view, is it a fair exchange? 3. according to beecher, in what realms do women naturally and legitimately exercise power? 4. on what grounds does beecher base her faith that american women can attain anything they “reasonably” ask, and how does she explain any “remnants” of bad treatment that might remain in the present?

The president of american systems announces that all employees will be going on a trip to san francisco. some employees like the idea and some don't. according to the component of attitudes, these evaluations reflect the feelings of the employees.

Which factor contributed to the rise of african empires such as ghana and mali ? a. their creation and involvement in trade networks b. they focused only on agricultural production. c. they didn’t engage in warfare with other nations d. their geographic location protected them from attacks.