What is the difference between the islamic empire and the byzantine empire (other then muslim and christian)?

Assuming you mean the Ottoman Empire, the Turks had a massively different mindset. The Byzantine were not religiously tolerant and they actively sought out the conversion of the Turks and other Muslim population. While the ottomans actively gave control of their own land to the Dhmiri a christian estate that payed moderate taxes for religious freedoms. Also the Byzantines had no African or Asian Ambitions like the Ottomans. The Greeks were more interested in Italy the anything else. The Ottomans on the other hand set up one of the largest transcontinental empire ever seen.

Iam a german monk and professor of theology. i believe that the catholic church's practice of buying forgiveness of sins through indulgences is wrong. i have translated the bible into german to make it easier for more people to be able to study it. i am here to stand by my writings and i refuse your demand that i recant them