How did the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate and the rise of the Meiji government change Japan?
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A. It marked the end of democratic rule in Japan.
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B. It divided the country between new and old regime loyalties.
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C. It paved the way for Japan to become a major world power.
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D. It began a period of significant economic and industrial decline.

if interdependence implies a two-way dependence, and if each partner is equally dependent on the other for success, then there is an equal commitment to the making the partnership successful. the advantage is sustainability of the relationship, the disadvantage is that decisions are "democratic" and therefore may take longer to reach and more likely to be a compromise (which is not always the best solution). as the interdependence moves away from equality, the decisions become more influenced by the more independent partner. in the extreme the relationship becomes more dictatorial and more like "master-slave". generally the relationship has less commitment in both directions and is more likely to be temporary.

if one generalizes (and one shouldn't), equity partnerships, which is probably what is implied by interdependence, can be slow to progress or change but durable. the extreme alternative, independent-dependent partnerships tend to be efficient but more fragile.

hope this but you will have to site your own evidence. : )

  b.

there are isolated pockets of farming, generally around rivers and oases, which are used for irrigation.

permafrost layer, it exists beneath a layer of soil, rock or sediment.