Xavier believes that African Americans are as intelligent as white Americans and therefore warmly invites them to join his chess club. His friend Reuben, however, believes that African Americans have weak cognitive abilities. However, to impress Xavier, Reuben conceals his beliefs and acts friendly and unbiased toward African Americans. In the context of Robert Merton's typology of prejudice and discrimination, Xavier is a(n) , whereas Reuben is a(n) .

Base your answer for this question on the statement below and on your knowledge of social studies.my fellow citizens, events in iraq have now reached the final days of decision. for more than a decade, the united states and other nations have pursued patient and honorable efforts to disarm the iraqi regime without war. that regime pledged to reveal and destroy all its weapons of mass destruction as a condition for ending the persian gulf war in 1991.…— president george w. bush, march 17, 200344 which action did president george w. bush take following this statement?