Why does obsidian contain few or no mineral grains?

The defendant, angered because a rival gang member had twice beaten him up after school, obtained a heavy lead pipe and waited in a deserted alleyway which he knew the rival took as a route home every day after school. when his enemy came walking down the alley, the defendant leapt out behind him and smashed the pipe into the victim's head, knocking him to the ground. the defendant then rolled the victim over and pounded his face with 15 to 20 heavy blows with the lead pipe, killing him. the jurisdiction defines first degree murder as murder committed with premeditation and deliberation. all other murders are defined as second degree murders. why will the defendant be convicted of first degree murder (as opposed to second degree murder)?

"six months ago, several of molly's friends joined the trimtime fitness center. each of them participated in trimtime's weight-reduction and fitness regimen. all reported substantial weight reduction, and all are visibly slimmer. molly is convinced. she joins trimtime and enrolls in the program, hoping and expecting to see the same results. she is especially delighted to learn that trimtime had adjusted its program to make it even more effective in a shorter period of time." what is the feature in question/attribute of interest in this argument?

If you wish to make an explicit comparison of two dissimilar things without using like or as you would use the