What event in the history of the west in the late 1800s prompted cheif joseph to give this speech?
a, the expansion of buffalo hunting by american indians like nez perce
b. the death of sitting bull, an important lakota leader
c. the defeat of american indian peoples by united states troops
d. the ghost dance, a new american indian religious ceremony

Aplaintiff filed a civil action based on negligence against a defendant in federal district court, alleging that the defendant negligently ran a red light at an intersection and collided with the plaintiff's vehicle, causing the plaintiff's injuries. a week after the close of discovery, the plaintiff filed a motion for summary judgment on the issue of whether the defendant was negligent. with the motion, the plaintiff filed (i) his own sworn affidavit, which stated that the traffic signal was green as he entered the intersection, (ii) an affidavit of a witness who was driving the car behind him, which stated that the witness saw the entire incident and that the plaintiff's traffic signal was green as he approached and entered the intersection; and (iii) an affidavit of another witness, which stated that she saw the entire incident and that the defendant's signal had been red for several seconds before the defendant entered the intersection and was still red when the defendant entered the intersection. the defendant filed a response to the motion, noting that her answer denied negligence and further denied that her traffic signal was red, and argued that the issue of negligence and the issue of whether her traffic signal was red were in dispute, so those issues should be tried to a jury. how should the court rule on the plaintiff's motion?

Japan’s key exports to africa and southwest asia are mostly a) raw materials. b) human capital. c) manufactured items. d) agricultural products.

Which choice best describes the general trend for the countries shown, for the period 2008 - 2010?