In the model of premodern societies, georg simmel suggests that they are characterized by concentric circles of social affiliation. at the center of this circle of affiliation is

the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.