In rational emotive behavior therapy, one learns to reject the irrational belief that

The answer is "life must be fair, or its awful"

An informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.