Matthew once had a teacher who punished him severely whenever he did poorly on a mathematics test. now he refuses to open a math book, saying that he is "too scared" to do so. he has learned to associate mathematics with the pain of punishment. here, the painful punishment is:

How has china attempted to increase its gdp since the end of the 20th

Which of the following is an example of how the principle of beneficence can be applied to a study employing human subjects? providing detailed information about the study and obtaining the subject's consent to participate. ensuring that the selection of subjects includes people from all segments of the population. ensuring that persons with diminished autonomy are protected. determining that the study has a maximization of benefits and a minimization of risks.

Atraffic cop has pulled over a speeder, only to discover that he has stopped a close friend. the police officer is torn, because his professional obligations demand that he punish the speeder, but his personal obligations suggest that he should give a friend a break. what is this called?