When a communicator expresses hostility in an obscure or manipulative way, his or her behavior is called

This behavior is called "Passive Aggression".

Passive-aggressiveness, as is obvious from the term itself, refers to an inclination where someone engages in a discourse where they do not use the direct expressions to show their hostility rather an indirect course is taken by means of insults and planned failures to do the required jobs etc.

answer; /// i believe the correct answer is (b) disposition

facts: the 14th amendment

the 14th amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws.

the 14th amendment was intended to protect the rights of former slaves after the american civil war.

the 14th amendment was approved by congress in june of 1866 and ratified by the states on july 9, 1868.

the 14th amendment establishes that all persons born in the united states are citizens and are guaranteed all the rights of citizenship.

the 14th amendment establishes that the law protects all citizens equally.

in this case the passage of the 14th amendment   that was violated was the last part in which it states that there is equal protection of the law.