When adults are working with young children, they often provide a lot of hints, assistance, instructions, and other support to the children succeed. as the children demonstrate they can do more for themselves, the adults begin to withdraw these supports. this shows the adults' involvement in the children's: ?

The answer is “Zone of Proximal Development”.

Abbreviated as ZPD the term zone of proximal development, is used to indicate the difference among what a student or anyone who is learning is able to do with no help, and that which he/she is not able to do. This idea was presented by Lev Vygotsky who was a psychologist.

manifest functions are the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern, while latent functions are those unrecognized and unintended consequences. to analyze the manifest functions of any social institution, we have to study its contribution to the continuation of a group, community, or society.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.