According to merton's strain theory, occurs when people challenge both the approved goals and the approved means for achieving them yet advocate an alternative set of goals or means.

Aguiding principle of the national response framework is that: a. response partners use nonstandard structures to allow for flexible and scalable responses. b. unity of effort results when responding agencies are willing to relinquish their authorities. c. effective partnership relies on engaging all elements of the whole community. d. readiness to act encourages response partners to self-dispatch to an incident scene.