According to burns, transforming leaders are most likely to appeal to

According to Burns who made a book in title Transforming Leadership it appeals to moral values, consciousness, and energies.  The admirers elevate transactional and activate their self-interest. For Burns, changing can occur at any time and may be shown by anyone.

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.        

i am confused, what is the question? i can you out if you put it into more depth.