Which of the following best illustrates Ebbinghaus’ forgetting curve?

A) Laurence studied for his first Spanish test by sitting down and cramming for two hours, and he studied for his second Spanish test by spacing out his studying for 30 minutes over the course of a week. He did better on the second test than the first.

B) Erik studied Italian in college. After he graduated, he went backpacking in Europe, where he realized he had forgotten a lot of Italian. Years later, he went on another trip to Italy and was surprised to discover that he remembered about the same amount of Italian as during his first trip.

C) When Ruth first moves to a new country, she keeps trying to use customs from her old country. Over time, she adjusts to her new country’s ways.

D) Marsha remembers only information that agrees with her current understanding and ignores everything else.

E) Beatriz tells a story that she heard from a friend, but she cannot remember who told her the story.