1) Which of the following countries best reflects the state-building strategies and outcomes detailed in the passage?

Cuba in 1959
China in 1949
North Korea in 1945
Poland in 1945

2) Sir John French, commander in chief of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), 1915
Which of the following novel aspects of World War I contributed to the action described in the passage?

The Allies’ ability to attack German forces with military aircraft
The capability of British tanks to repel machine-gun fire
The attempt to block supply shipments in the Atlantic by using submarines
The stalemate and high casualties caused by trench warfare on the western front

3) Which of the following was a consequence of the German action described in the passage, as well as events like the invasion of Belgium, following World War I?

The idea that Germans were incapable of governing themselves and should be ruled by the Allies
The notion of a pan-European government that would supersede national boundaries and end war
The perception that Germans were aggressors and should be punished harshly
The belief that monarchies had been the cause of Europe’s destruction and were obsolete

4) What was similar in how the US and German governments responded to economic depression during the 1930s?

Both decreased financial spending to address economic decline.
Both increased government involvement to improve their economies.
Both limited democratic principles that had led to economic upheaval.
Both replaced socialist economic programs to boost their economies.

5) Which of the following best describes how the United States’ response to economic depression during the 1930s differed from Germany’s?

The United States used democratic methods to create programs to combat economic issues.
The United States limited implementation of fiscal policies to allow the economy to stabilize.
The United States exercised legislative authority to grant the executive unlimited economic powers.
The United States minimized government financial support for the economy to make the economy self-regulating.

6) How did the decline of the Ottoman Empire contribute to outside interests exerting control in the Middle East through the agreement?

It gave European powers an opportunity to protect the empire from internal instability.
It gave France and Great Britain an opportunity to claim land holdings in the Middle East.
It gave the empire a way to modernize society and acclimatize European culture.
It gave France and Great Britain the necessary latitude to end World War I in the Middle East.

7)Which of the following was an enduring effect of the terms outlined in the agreement?

Competing religious and ethnic groups in the Middle East united to oust European influence.
Nation-states in the Middle East established political rights for ethnic and religious minorities.
Artificial boundaries prioritizing European interests created unstable nations in the Middle East.
Outside countries created European-style democracies throughout the Middle East.

8)The political dynamics evident in the agreement are most similar to which of the following?

The Open Door policy that the US pursued in China for trade purposes
The promise of independence to Arab groups under the Husayn-McMahon correspondence
The Anglo-Japanese Treaty, which revised previously unequal treaties between Japan and Great Britain
The military split of European countries between the Warsaw Pact and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

9) How did the economic consequences described in Source 1 contribute to Adolf Hitler’s rise to power in Nazi Germany?

They enabled banks to accumulate wealth rapidly using postwar loans.
They allowed state forces to militarize rapidly with Western technological expertise.
They provided an economic framework, which became the basis for an industrial war machine.
They disempowered the nation through economic sanctions, which fueled nationalization efforts.

10) How did the views expressed in Source 2 influence Italy’s nationalization efforts in the interwar period?

They encouraged citizens to embrace modern international trade relations.
They promoted methods of governance that openly criticized democratic ideologies.
They established methods of governance that openly embraced the rise of socialism.
They warned citizens about the economic excesses of war and the need for demilitarization.

11) How did the economic conditions described in Source 1 influence the political ideas articulated in Source 2?

The large debts discussed by Keynes inspired Mussolini’s attacks on pacifism.
The “bonfire” alluded to by Keynes validated Mussolini’s call for international collaboration.
The “belligerent countries” referenced by Keynes encouraged Mussolini’s isolationist policies.
The fiscal issues described by Keynes motivated Mussolini’s resentment for international collaboration.