Question 1 A study found that teens who smoked e-cigarettes were more likely than other teens to start smoking regular
cigarettes. Teens ages 12-17 that never smoked a regular cigarette were asked to report their use of e-cigarettes.
One year later, the same teens were asked if they had smoked a regular cigarette. 4.6% of participants, one year
later, had tried a regular cigarette. However, 18-19% of those who said they had used e-cigarettes at the
beginning of the study had tried regular cigarettes.
Part A
• What is the most appropriate conclusion that can be drawn from the study?
Part B
In a follow-up study, researchers wanted to examine the effect of nicotine on brain activity. How would
researchers examine the following concept in this study.
• Dopamine and the reward center
Part C
Humans display various reactions that are characterized by opposing tendencies. Use a specific physiological
mechanism to explain how both aspects of the opposing processes apply to the following concepts.
Neural firing
Autonomic nervous system