Akira is a high school student who has been struggling academically because he has had severe trouble staying awake and alert in his classes. He has tried to consume coffee and energy drinks to keep himself awake, but nothing seems to help. Akira finally contacted a doctor, who scheduled an overnight sleep study in order to discern the real problem. Explain how each of the following concepts apply to Akira’s current situation.

Electroencephalogram ( EEG )
Stimulants
Melatonin
Narcolepsy