For Exercises 1 to 4, identify the population, the parameter, 3. the sample, and the statistic in each setting. Each month, the Current Population Survey interviews a random sample of individuals in about 55,000 U. S. households. One of their goals is to estimate the national unemployment rate. In December 2009, 10.0% of those interviewed were unemployed.

the answer to the question is punishment. or more specifically, positive punishment.

positive punishment occurs when a behavior is given a negative consequence for the individual doing the behavior.

sara no longer wants to ask questions (the behavior) because she is ridiculed by mr. smith (the punishment).

reinforcement is inaccurate because reinforcement always gives positive consequences for the individual doing the behavior, be it by introducing a pleasant consequence or removing an unpleasant one.