How do we calculate an appropriate test statistic in a test for a population proportion

The basic procedure is:

State the null hypothesis H0 and the alternative hypothesis HA.

Set the level of significance .

Calculate the test statistic: z = p ^ − p o p 0 ( 1 − p 0 ) n.

Calculate the p-value.

Make a decision. Check whether to reject the null hypothesis by comparing p-value to

Explanation:

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the answer to the question is punishment. or more specifically, positive punishment.

positive punishment occurs when a behavior is given a negative consequence for the individual doing the behavior.

sara no longer wants to ask questions (the behavior) because she is ridiculed by mr. smith (the punishment).

reinforcement is inaccurate because reinforcement always gives positive consequences for the individual doing the behavior, be it by introducing a pleasant consequence or removing an unpleasant one.

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