Identify the force that is responsible for the formation of the earth.

That's pretty vague...but the most obvious answer is the force of gravity. If you want to know how the solar system formed, the condensation theory explains everything as well as the earth and moon.

I would say the forces of gravity coming from nearby planets and the sun. Also time, the earth needed a great amount of time to evolve

See diagram.we use washers to get the area and we will be integrating with respect to xouter radius is the  distance between y = e^x and y = -1    inner radius of washer is the distance between y = 1 and y = -1    the area of one cross-section of a washer is    solid lies between x = 0 and x = 2. the volume is    if you need this expanded, then    the question doesn't say to evaluate, so we're done.   

Iam pretty sure it is d