What is a term which means; creating visual path for the eye to follow throughout a composition

Wouldn't it be rhythm, the use of recurring elements to direct the movement of the viewer's eye's through the product of art and give a sense of unity to the composition. correct me if im wrong

i'm not sure i completely understand your question, but i will do my best.

i think the answer you are looking for is sequence. (see below)

a repeated melodic fragment would be best defined as repetition, while repeated chords (different or the same) could be a chord progression. however, you then mentioned the chord and melodic fragment beginning on higher or lower pitches, in that case, the answer could be best defined as a sequence. the definition of a sequence is as follows: "the restatement of a motif or longer melodic (or harmonic) passage at a higher or lower pitch in the same voice."

let me know if this !