Which of these types of painting was more likely to have been produced by a
northern renaissance painter than an italian renaissance painter?

lines and shapes are a part of the visual elements which can be played with and used to create a mood or feeling in a composition.

some of the other elements include the pattern, color, tone and texture. all these elements serve together as the construction blocks which are used by the artists to create artwork.

lines are used to form drawings and different shapes are formed when these lines are used in certain lengths or angles. so the artist can play with these elements of art to create and express different moods, thus conveying different  meanings.

a chromatic scale uses the twelve tones of the octave, while a regular scale only uses eight, or seven different notes (as the first note is played twice)