Which term is used to describe the modeling of light to bright areas, includes the rendering of halftones, and casts shadows with differences between soft to hard forms?

The correct answer is Chiaroscuro.

Explanation:

When strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition is utilized by an artist he or she is said to be using Chiaroscuro technique.

It was invented by Leonardo da Vinci.

In italian, the word Chiaroscuro refers to light and shadow. When you see a painting of an object of a person with an illusion of light falling at same from an angle, you are most likely looking at the Chiaroscuro technique.

This technique also creates an illusion that one is looking at three-dimensional objects and figures. It gives a sense of volume in modelling.

Some of the prominent artists who used the Chiaroscuro technique are:

The technique is also used in photography and motion picture.

Cheers!

the answer would be (b). the stave church in borgund, norway is an example of norse architecture.