Anyone know what any of these are? its my first year of jazz

Those are scales. the highlighted notes (aka the guide tones) are notes in that specific chord that give a harmonic pull towards the next chord. generally they are the 3rd and 7th note (that’s what determines what type of chord it may be: major, minor, major-minor, or dominant). they are the most harmonically important notes in the chord since they determine the quality of the chord itself, so make sure they are in perfect tune.

Answerbecause he hoped the chair would later be mass- produced not hand -crafted;

Ithink that'd be 4, sorry if i'm wrong.