Choose one 2-D shape and one 3-D shape to describe in detail. Consider the lines, angles, points, space, and movement of each shape.

2D shapes have only 2 dimensions and are flat e.g. square, rectangle, triangle, circle, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, nonagon, decagon, parallelogram, rhombus, kite, quadrilateral, trapezium. 3D objects have three dimensions. The flat surfaces (faces) of many 3D objects are made up of 2D shapes e.g.

this exemplifies - rondo form

i'm not sure i completely understand your question, but i will do my best.

i think the answer you are looking for is sequence. (see below)

a repeated melodic fragment would be best defined as repetition, while repeated chords (different or the same) could be a chord progression. however, you then mentioned the chord and melodic fragment beginning on higher or lower pitches, in that case, the answer could be best defined as a sequence. the definition of a sequence is as follows: "the restatement of a motif or longer melodic (or harmonic) passage at a higher or lower pitch in the same voice."

let me know if this !