Imagine that a friend of yours wants to pursue an artistic career, but they’re unsure about which sort of art career they would be best at. What sort of advice would you give your friend to help them decide which art career to choose? What kinds of questions should they consider?

I would tell my friend that they should try different things and see what are they good at .

i'm not sure i completely understand your question, but i will do my best.

i think the answer you are looking for is sequence. (see below)

a repeated melodic fragment would be best defined as repetition, while repeated chords (different or the same) could be a chord progression. however, you then mentioned the chord and melodic fragment beginning on higher or lower pitches, in that case, the answer could be best defined as a sequence. the definition of a sequence is as follows: "the restatement of a motif or longer melodic (or harmonic) passage at a higher or lower pitch in the same voice."

let me know if this !