in perspective, what are the lines that run parallel to the horizontal line?
a. transversal's
b. orthogonal's
c. vanishing points
d. viewing lines

what documentary photographer captured the plight of americans during the great depression and the internement of japanese-americans during world war ii?
a. lewis hine
b. dorothea lange
c. alfred stieglitz
d. cindy sherman

i'm not sure i completely understand your question, but i will do my best.

i think the answer you are looking for is sequence. (see below)

a repeated melodic fragment would be best defined as repetition, while repeated chords (different or the same) could be a chord progression. however, you then mentioned the chord and melodic fragment beginning on higher or lower pitches, in that case, the answer could be best defined as a sequence. the definition of a sequence is as follows: "the restatement of a motif or longer melodic (or harmonic) passage at a higher or lower pitch in the same voice."

let me know if this !

name the above painting and its artist. how has the artist used balance, variety, and movement in this piece to emphasize the man waving the cloth, in the upper right-hand corner? be specific in your response.