Who can tell me the meanings of these?
minimalism
impressionism
primitivism
serialism
and how are they different in the twentieth century music?

Minimalism is music that is often repetitive with very short phrase, something like Work by Rihanna. 
Impressionism is a style of composition with harmonic effects, using a whole-tone scale, similar to Let It Go by James Bay.
Primitivism develops regular tones of music into new ideas and forms of music, similar to the richness of using Romanticism, listen to Don't Hurt Me by Jeremih.
Serialism uses  series of techniques and methods to create different music elements, like Bodak Yellow by Cardi B.

Asia minor influenced them when they were trading.